![]() ![]() (1988) examined Israeli soldiers who developed posttraumatic stress disorder during the Lebanese war and found that soldiers who were offspring of Holocaust survivors had a more protracted course of PTSD. Meanwhile, pointing to the heterogeneity of this group, Danieli (1981) identified four subtypes of families of Holocaust survivors: victim families, numb families, fighter families and families of "those who made it." In a seminal study, Solomon et al. There were early hints of a certain complex of symptoms or even specific psychopathology in children of Holocaust survivors (Barocas and Barocas, 1973). This initial paucity of systematic research was partly due to a lack of consensus about what was being transmitted. (1966) reported on the transmission of the effects of the Holocaust trauma to the "second generation." Since then, several hundred articles on intergenerational transmission-mainly limited to clinical cases and anecdotal reports-have been published, raising criticisms about the initial lack of systematic empirical studies. ![]() Soon after the description of the Holocaust syndrome by Niederland (1961), Rakoff et al. It was only in the post-Holocaust era that a consistent literature on the intergenerational effects of parents' traumas emerged. All subsequent schools of psychology examining trauma have been concerned with the handing down of neurotic traits. However, the first extensive elaboration on the impact of parents' neuroses on their children came in the late 1800s from the emerging field of psychoanalysis. Nonmedical writings have alluded to the fact that "sins" may be transmitted from parents to children. Results that were not significant are discussed along with limitations to this investigation, and suggestions for further research are outlined.Students of human nature have long grappled with questions about the replication of parents' traits into their offspring. Finally, findings show children of Holocaust survivors characteristically feel driven to undo and heal their caregiver's trauma by defending their caregivers from emotional and social injury. ![]() Results also support that those children whose parents show high levels of PTSD, and who experience certain psychological and social troubles tend to have an anxious attachment style with their parent. The findings of this research confirmed previous studies that parental Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology is more than likely related to offspring adverse psychological and social impacts. The four sections assessed parental PTSD symptomatology, attachment, psychological and social impacts on the children of Holocaust survivors, and community support. What was preventing or, conversely, enabling the passage of symptomatology from one generation to the next, thereby accounting for the contradiction in research, and clinicians’ observations during their work with Holocaust families? Over 200 people received the study through social media and snowball sampling requesting participation in a Qualtrics survey consisting of 3 screening questions, 5 demographic questions, 4 sections of multiple-choice questions, and 2 open-ended questions. This study was undertaken to help resolve current debate in the field as to whether or not the traumatic effects of the Holocaust are transmitted intergenerationally.
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